Defence services are one of the most regarded careers in India. Every year, thousands of students appear for national-level defence exams to join Indian Armed Forces. Among these, NDA/NA and CDS are the most popular examinations carried out by UPSC. If you are planning to appear for these exams, understanding the process at an early stage is very important.
What are NDA/NA and CDS Exams?
National Defence Academy (NDA) and Naval Academy (NA) Exam is conducted for those students who wish to join the Army, Navy, or Air Force after Class 12. This exam gives an opportunity to young candidates to start their defence career at an early age. The Combined Defence Services (CDS) exam is for graduates who want to join the Indian Army, Navy, or Air Force as officers.
Students who are planning to appear for defence exams always look for easy to understand defence exam preparation, and the article is designed with the intention of making the entire process easy to understand.
NDA/NA & CDS 2026 Eligibility Criteria
Before starting the preparation, it is necessary for the students to check if they are eligible or not. Eligibility such as age limit, educational qualification, and nationality. Understanding NDA and CDS eligibility is the first step in being successful in their application.
Nationality Requirements
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Candidate must be a citizen of India
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Certain categories from Nepal and Bhutan are also allowed as per the rules
Educational Qualification
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NDA (Army): Passed or appearing in Class 12 from a recognized board
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NDA (Air Force & Navy): Class 12 with Physics and Mathematics
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CDS (IMA/OTA): Graduation from a recognized University
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CDS (Naval Academy): Degree in engineering
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CDS (Air Force Academy): Graduation in Physics and Mathematics in 10+2 or an Engineering Degree
Eligibility Overview Table
|
Exam |
Education Requirement |
Age Group |
|---|---|---|
|
NDA/NA |
Class 12 (Science required for Navy/Air Force) |
As per UPSC rules |
|
CDS |
Graduation / Engineering (for specific academies) |
As per UPSC rules |
NDA & CDS 2026 Exam Pattern
Knowing the exam pattern helps the students to plan their preparation better. Understanding the NDA and CDS pattern enables the contenders to focus on the right topics.
NDA Exam Pattern
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Mathematics
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General Ability Test (GAT)
CDS Exam Pattern
The CDS exam has different papers depending upon the academy that one chooses.
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English
-
General Knowledge
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Elementary Mathematics (not for OTA)
Exam Pattern Comparison Table
|
Exam |
Subjects |
Total Papers |
|---|---|---|
|
NDA |
Mathematics, GAT |
2 |
|
CDS (IMA/INA/AFA) |
English, GK, Maths |
3 |
|
CDS (OTA) |
English, GK |
2 |
SSB Interview Process
After clearing the written exam, the candidates are called for the interview of the Services Selection Board (SSB). This stage tests personality, leadership and mental strength.
The SSB process includes:
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Screening test
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Psychological tests
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Group tasks
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Personal interview
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Conference
This stage is equally important as the written exam and needs separate preparation.
NDA/NA & CDS 2026 Preparation Strategy
Step 1: Understand the Syllabus
Go through the full syllabus and find out the important topics. Focus more on areas of high weightage.
Step 2: Make a Study Timetable
Create a daily timetable with fixed hours for each subject. Balance academics, physical activity, and rest.
Step 3: Strengthen Basics
Clear your basic concepts in Mathematics, English, and General Knowledge. Strong basics help in the quick solution of questions.
Step 4: Practice Regularly
Many students use the NDA previous year solved paper book and the CDS previous year question paper to know the exam trend and level of difficulty.
Step 5: Mock Tests and Revision
Revision is the key to memorizing concepts till the day of the examination.
Role of Previous Year Questions
Previous year questions are very useful in preparation.
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Understand exam pattern
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Identify important topics
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Improve time management
Common Mistakes Students Should Avoid
Many students make mistakes that decrease their chances for success. Avoiding these mistakes can improve performance.
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Ignoring the syllabus
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Studying without a plan
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Not revising regularly
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Avoiding physical fitness
A quality study is more important than quantity.
Physical Fitness and Medical Standards
Physical fitness is an important element of defence selection. Candidates should follow a healthy lifestyle starting from the outset.
Basic fitness activities include:
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Running
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Push-ups
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Sit-ups
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Outdoor sports
Medical standards are very high, and hence regular health check-ups and proper habits are required.
Read More: UPSC CDS 1 2026 Exam Date Out, Complete Schedule (Released), Shift & Timing
Time Management Tips for Students
Time management is very important, especially for school or college students.
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Avoid last-minute preparation
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Use weekends for revision
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Physical Training: Keep time for physical training
Proper time management makes defence exam prep stress free and effective.
Why Start Early for NDA & CDS 2026?
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Better concept clarity
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More practice time
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Improved confidence
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Better performance in SSB
Know the eligibility, keep the exam pattern, be a focus, and be physically fit. It is not only intelligence that is a key to success in defence exams but also determination, discipline, and dedication.
