CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 | For 2026 Board Exams | Free PDF Download

For every CBSE Student, class 12 boards are essential because the marks of class 12 board exams work as a benchmark in the academic career of students and also play a crucial role in getting admission to colleges for further studies. To score well, students properly need to know the updated syllabus of every subject. In this article, you will get an updated CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26. A syllabus plays a very important role when students plan their study schedule and prepare for the exam.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 Unit-wise: 

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UNIT – VI – REPRODUCTION

Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

In this chapter, students will learn about topics like the development of male & female gametophytes, outbreeding devices, flower structure, pollination, pollen-pistil interaction, seeds development and fruit formation, double Fertilization, post-fertilization, apomixis, polyembryony, parthenocarpy and seed dispersal.

Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction

In this chapter, students will learn about Fertilization, implantation, embryo development to blastocyst formation, male and female reproduction systems, pregnancy and placenta formation, microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary, menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, lactation and parturition.

Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health

In this chapter, students will learn about topics like Birth control (contraception, need and methods & Medical Termination of Pregnancy), amniocentesis, need for reproductive health and sexually transmitted diseases (STD), infertility and assisted reproductive technologies (ZIFT, GIFT & IVF).

UNIT – VII – GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Chapter 5 – Principles of inheritance and variation

In this chapter, students will learn about topics – sex determination in humans, honey bees and birds, heredity and variation, deviation from manedelism (co-dominance, pleiotropy, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups), an elementary idea of polygenic inheritance, linkage and crossing over, heredity and variation, chromosomal disorders in humans, Turner’s, Down’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndromes

Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance

In this chapter, students will learn about the structure of RNA & DNA, DNA packaging, DNA replication, search of genetic material and DNA as genetic material, transcription, translation, genetic code, central dogma, gene eight expression and regulation, DNA fingerprinting, Genome, human genome project and rice genome projects.

Chapter 7 – Evolution

In this chapter, students will learn about the origin of life, Darwin’s contribution, a modern theory of evolution, biological evolution and evidence of biological evolution (comparative anatomy, palaeontology, molecular evidence and embryology), mechanism of evolution, Hardy- Weinberg’s principle, Gene flow and genetic flow, Adaptive radiation and human evolution.

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UNIT – VIII – BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE

Chapter 8 – Human Health and Diseases

In this chapter, students will learn about pathogens, basic concepts of immunology, vaccines, parasites causing diseases in humans (dengue, malaria, chikungunya, ascariasis, filariasis, common cold, pneumonia, typhoid, amoebiasis and ringworm) and how to control them, cancer, AIDS & HIV and adolescence.

Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare

In this chapter, students will learn about microbes in food processing, sewage treatment, industrial production and energy generation, microbes as bio-control and bio-fertilizers and antibiotics (production & judicious use).

Chapter 11 – Biotechnology – Principles and Processes

In this chapter, students learn about Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology); this chapter is beneficial for students and gives them vast knowledge about it.

Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and its Applications

In this chapter, students will learn about – the application of biotechnology in health and agriculture, stem cell technology, human insulin, vaccine production and gene therapy, genetically modified organisms, biosafety issues, biopiracy, patents and transgenic animals.

UNIT – X – ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 

Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations

In this chapter, students will learn about population interactions (mutualism, predation, competition and parasitism), population attributes (growth, distribution, birth rate and death rate).

Chapter 14 – Ecosystem

In this chapter, students will learn about ecosystem patterns and components, energy flow, productivity and decomposition, pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy. 

Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and its Conservation

In this chapter, students will learn about biodiversity concepts, importance and patterns, loss of biodiversity, hotspot, endangered organisms, biodiversity conservation, extinction, sacred groves, red data book, biosphere reserves, wildlife, sanctuaries, national parks and Ramsar sites. 

Biology Practical Exams

CBSE Class 12 syllabus Biology practical exams evaluation scheme and marks

Practical Exams for visually impaired students

CBSE Class 12 syllabus Biology practical exams evaluation scheme and marks for visually impaired students

The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is a robust curriculum for students preparing for higher studies in biology or related fields. Biology is a science unit that deals with studying living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environment. The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 covers many important topics for a student to understand to excel in this field.

Importance:

The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is a vital curriculum for students as it provides a strong foundation in biology. It covers various topics such as genetics, evolution, ecology, and biotechnology, which are essential for a student to understand to pursue higher studies in this field. The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 also covers topics related to human health and diseases, which can help students understand how to maintain their health and prevent diseases. 

Benefits:

There are several benefits to studying the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus. Some of the key benefits include:

Improved understanding of living organisms: The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 covers various topics related to living organisms, including their structure, function, and behaviour. This helps students develop a deeper understanding of the world around them and how living organisms interact with each other.

Career opportunities: Studying the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus can open up many career opportunities for students. Some career options include working as a research scientist, a medical professional, or a conservationist.

Personal development: The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 not only helps students understand the world around them, but it also helps them develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. These skills are essential for success in any field and can be useful in everyday life.

Improved problem-solving skills: The CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus requires students to think critically and solve problems to understand complex concepts and theories. This helps students develop strong problem-solving skills that can be useful in various career fields.

Enhanced communication skills: Studying the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus can also help students develop strong communication skills. This is because they will need to be able to effectively convey their understanding of complex biological concepts to others, whether it be in the form of writing a research paper or presenting a project to a group.

Increased knowledge of the natural world: The CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 covers a wide range of topics related to the natural world, including genetics, evolution, and ecology. This helps students develop a deeper understanding and appreciation of the natural world and the complex processes that shape it.

Improved understanding of human health and diseases: The CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus also covers topics related to human health and diseases, which can help students understand how to maintain their own health and prevent diseases. This knowledge can be helpful for students who are considering careers in the healthcare field or want to be more informed about their health.

Opportunity to participate in research: Studying the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus can also allow students to participate in research projects and gain valuable hands-on experience in the field. This can be especially profitable for students who are considering pursuing higher studies in biology or a related field.

Contribute to the advancement of knowledge: Studying the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus can also help students contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of biology. Whether participating in research projects or staying up-to-date on the latest developments in the field, students can play an active role in advancing our understanding of the natural world and the processes that shape it.

FAQs and Answers:

Q.1 What topics are covered in the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus?

Ans. The CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus covers various topics, including genetics, evolution, ecology, biotechnology, and human health and diseases.

Q.2 Is the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus difficult?

Ans. The difficulty of the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus depends on the student's ability and dedication to learning the material. However, it is generally considered to be a challenging syllabus due to the wide range of topics covered and the depth of understanding required.

Q.3 What are the career options after completing the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus?

Ans. Various career options are available to students who have completed the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus. Some of the options include working as a research scientist, a medical professional, or a conservationist.

Q.4 Is the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus necessary for pursuing higher studies in biology?

Ans. Yes, the CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus is necessary for pursuing higher studies in biology. It provides a strong foundation in the field and covers many key concepts and topics students will encounter in their studies.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2025-26 is essential for students preparing for higher studies in biology or related fields. It covers a vast range of essential topics for a student to understand to excel in this field.

The CBSE Class 12 biology syllabus also provides a strong foundation for many career opportunities and helps students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Overall, it is an invaluable resource for students curious about pursuing a career in biology.