CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 | For 2027 Board Exams

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus For 2027 Board Exams | Free PDF Download 2026-27

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The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) releases the official syllabus for Class 12 each academic year. For students appearing in the CBSE Board Exams 2027, the 2026-27 syllabus serves as the definitive guide for examination preparation. Understanding the syllabus in its entirety — including units, chapters, and weightage — is the first and most critical step toward scoring well in board examinations.

This page provides a comprehensive overview of the CBSE Class 12 syllabus across all major streams: Science, Commerce, and Humanities/Arts.

What Is the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27?

The CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026-27 is the officially prescribed curriculum that defines:

Topics and chapters to be studied in each subject
Unit-wise marks distribution
Practical/internal assessment components
Prescribed NCERT textbooks and supplementary reading

CBSE follows the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and aligns its syllabus with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 guidelines. The board consistently refines the syllabus to be contemporary, skill-based, and competency-driven.

CBSE Class 12 Subjects 2026-27

CBSE Class 12 offers subjects across three major streams. Students must select a minimum of five subjects, with at least one language.

Stream-Wise Subject Overview

Stream	Core Subjects	Optional/Elective
Science (PCM)	Physics, Chemistry, Maths, English	Computer Science, Physical Education, Economics
Science (PCB)	Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English	Biotechnology, Psychology, Fine Arts
Commerce	Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, English	Maths, Informatics Practices, Entrepreneurship
Humanities/Arts	History, Political Science, Geography, English	Sociology, Psychology, Fine Arts, Home Science

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 — Subject-Wise Unit & Marks Distribution

Physics (Theory: 70 Marks | Practical: 30 Marks)

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
I	Electrostatics	16
II	Current Electricity	—
III	Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism	17
IV	Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents	—
V	Electromagnetic Waves	18
VI	Optics	—
VII	Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter	12
VIII	Atoms and Nuclei	—
IX	Electronic Devices	7
Total		70

Chemistry (Theory: 70 Marks | Practical: 30 Marks)

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
I	Solutions	7
II	Electrochemistry	9
III	Chemical Kinetics	7
IV	d- and f-Block Elements	7
V	Coordination Compounds	7
VI	Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	6
VII	Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers	6
VIII	Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids	8
IX	Amines	6
X	Biomolecules	7
Total		70

Mathematics (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
I	Relations and Functions	8
II	Algebra	10
III	Calculus	35
IV	Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry	14
V	Linear Programming	5
VI	Probability	8
Total		80

Biology (Theory: 70 Marks | Practical: 30 Marks)

Unit No.	Unit Name	Marks
VI	Reproduction	16
VII	Genetics and Evolution	18
VIII	Biology and Human Welfare	14
IX	Biotechnology and Its Applications	10
X	Ecology and Environment	12
Total		70

Accountancy (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)

Part	Unit	Marks
Part A	Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies	60
Part B	Financial Statement Analysis	20
OR Part B	Computerised Accounting	20
Total		80

Economics (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)

Part	Content	Marks
Part A	Introductory Macroeconomics	40
Part B	Indian Economic Development	40
Total		80

English Core (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)

Section	Content	Marks
A	Reading Skills (Unseen Passages)	22
B	Creative Writing Skills	18
C	Literature	40
Total		80

CBSE Class 12 Books 2026-27

CBSE prescribes NCERT textbooks as the primary study material for all subjects. These books form the backbone of the entire curriculum and are the most important resource for board exam preparation.

Subject	NCERT Textbook Title
Physics	Physics Part I & Part II (Class XII)
Chemistry	Chemistry Part I & Part II (Class XII)
Mathematics	Mathematics (Class XII)
Biology	Biology (Class XII)
Accountancy	Accountancy Part I & Part II (Class XII)
Economics	Introductory Macroeconomics + Indian Economic Development
English	Flamingo, Vistas, and Writing Skills
History	Themes in Indian History Part I, II & III
Political Science	Contemporary World Politics + Politics in India Since Independence
Geography	Fundamentals of Human Geography + India: People and Economy

CBSE Class 12 Internal Assessment Structure 2026-27

Internal assessment (IA) forms a significant portion of the final score. Here is how it is typically structured:

Component	Marks
Periodic Tests (Best of 2 out of 3)	10
Student Enrichment Activities / Practical	5
Portfolio	5
Total Internal Assessment	20

For Science subjects with practicals, 30 marks are allocated to practical examinations conducted by the school.

Key Highlights of CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27

Competency-Based Questions (CBQs): CBSE has increased the proportion of application- and analysis-based questions. About 40–50% of paper consists of competency-based items.
Reduced Rote Learning: The syllabus emphasises understanding, application, and higher-order thinking.
Integrated Skill Development: Subjects like Applied Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, and Entrepreneurship offer skill-centric learning.
No Full Syllabus Reduction: Unlike the COVID years, the 2026-27 syllabus is the complete, full syllabus as prescribed by NCERT and CBSE.

Tips for Covering the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Effectively

Start with NCERT: Every chapter and line in NCERT textbooks is important. Read them thoroughly before moving to supplementary material.
Make a Chapter-Wise Study Plan: Divide the syllabus based on unit weightage and available time.
Prioritise High-Weightage Units: Focus more on units carrying 15–35 marks.
Regular Revision: Revise each chapter at least twice before the board exams.
Practice Questions: After completing each chapter, solve CBSE-pattern questions.

For students seeking structured, chapter-wise practice aligned with the latest CBSE syllabus, Oswaal Books offer well-organised study material that integrates NCERT content with CBSE-pattern questions — a useful companion once your NCERT reading is done.