CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Physics 2025-26 | For 2026 Board Exams | Free PDF Download

Check out other CBSE Syllabus Class 12 for All Subjects for 2024-25 Exams: 

Are you ready for your finals with the impending board exams? Students are mostly focused on completing last-minute modifications and making the best use of their study time around this time of year. So, it's important to brush up on your abilities. Are you acquainted with the primary subjects that were commonly questioned in the Physics 12th grade board exams in past years? Nevertheless, don't worry!

Studying physics is thrilling and fascinating. It is as a result of its effectiveness in practical settings. Students may find the numerical and theoretical portions to be more involved & time-consuming to study, but if they grasp the fundamentals, they will enjoy reading physics.

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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025 Unit Wise:

Chapter 1 – Electric charges and fields

This chapter teaches students about the electric charges, Coulomb’s law force between two-point charges, conservation of charge, forces between charges, continuous charge distribution and the superposition principle.

Electric field, field lines, electric field due to point charge, electric field due to dipole, electric dipole and torque on dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell and statement of Gauss’s and its application to find field due to an infinitely long straight wire.

Added Topic: Uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).

Chapter 2 – Electrostatic potential and capacitance

This chapter teaches students about electric potential, electric potential due to point charge, potential difference, a dipole and system of charges, electrical potential energy of a system of two points charges and electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Conductors, insulators, bound charges and free charges inside the conductor, capacitors and capacitance, dielectrics and electric polarization, the combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, energy stored in capacitor, capacitance of parallel plates capacitor with and without dielectric medium between plates.

Unit 2 - Current Electricity

Chapter 3 – Current electricity

This chapter teaches students about electric current, drift velocity, flow of electric charges in metallic conductor, mobility and their relation with electric current, electrical energy and power, Ohm’s law, electrical resistivity and conductivity internal resistance of a cell, temperature dependence of resistance, combination of cells in series and in parallel, Wheatstone bridge and Kirchhoff’s rules.

Removed Topics:

Metre bridge (qualitative ideas only)

Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing EMF of two cells

Measurement of internal resistance of a cell. (qualitative ideas only)

Other Recommended Books | Study Materials (All Subjects)

Unit 3 - Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Chapter 4 – Moving charges and Magnetism

This chapter teaches students about the concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment

Biot – Savart law and its applications to current carrying circular loop

Ampere’s law & its application to infinitely long straight wire, straight solenoid, force on moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on current-carrying conductor in uniform magnetic field, torque experienced by current loop in a uniform magnetic field, force between the two parallel current-carrying conductors, current loop as a dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, moving coil galvanometerit current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter & voltmeter.

Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter

This chapter teaches students about the bar magnet, bar magnet as equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), torque on magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in uniform magnetic field, magnetic field intensity due to magnetic dipole along its axis and perpendicular to its axis and magnetic field lines.

Magnetic properties of materials – para-, ferro- and dia- magnetic substances with examples, magnetization of materials and effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Added Topics: 

Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only)

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field

Magnetic properties of materials: Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances, with examples. Electromagnets and factors affecting their strengths, permanent magnets.

Removed Topics: 

Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron

Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements

Unit 4 - Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Chapter 6 – Electromagnetic induction

This chapter teaches students about electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law, induced EMF and current, Faraday’s laws, self and mutual induction.

Chapter 7 – Alternating current

This chapter teaches students about alternating currents, reactance and impedance, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage, LCR series circuit (phasors only), power in AC circuits, resonance, wattless current, power factor, AC generator and transformer.

Unit 5 - Electromagnetic waves

Chapter 8 - Electromagnetic waves

This chapter teaches students about the basic idea of displacement current, electromagnetic waves and their characteristics and transverse nature (qualitative idea only), electromagnetic spectrum (microwaves, radio waves, visible, infrared, X-rays, ultraviolet and gamma rays) includes elementary facts about their uses.

Unit-6 – Optics

Chapter 9 – Ray optics and Optical instruments

This chapter includes: Ray Optics – Reflection of light, mirror formula, spherical mirrors, refraction of light, refraction at spherical surfaces, total internal reflection, optical fibers, lenses, lens maker’s formula, thin lens formula, power of lens, magnification, combination of thin lenses in contact and refraction of light through prism.

Optical Instruments – Microscopes and astronomical telescope (reflecting & refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Removed Topics: 

Scattering of light - blue colour of sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.

Chapter 10- Wave optics

This chapter teaches students about the wave optics, wave front, Huygen’s principle, proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle, reflection & refraction of plane wave at plane surface using wave fronts, Young’s double slit experiment & expression for fringe width (No derivation, final expression only), interference, width of central maxima, diffraction due to single slit, coherent sources and sustained interference of light.

Removed Topics:

Resolving power of microscope and astronomical telescope
Polarisation
Plane polarised light
Brewster's law
Uses of plane polarised light
Polaroids

Unit 7 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Chapter 11 – Dual nature of Radiation and Matter

This chapter teaches students about the dual nature of radiation, Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations, experimental study of photoelectric effect, matter waves – waves nature of practices and De-Broglie relation.

Removed Topics:

Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained). 

Unit 8 - Atoms and Nuclei

Chapter 12 – Atoms

This chapter teaches students about the Alpha-particle scattering experiment, Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Rutherford’s model of atom, expression for radius of nth possible orbit and velocity & energy of electron in his orbit of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).

Chapter 13 – Nuclei

This chapter teaches students about the composition and size of nucleus, nuclear force, mass defect, mass energy relation, nuclear fission, binding energy per nucleon and its variation with the mass number.

Added Topics:

Binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number

Removed Topics:

Radioactivity
Alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties
Radioactive decay law
Half life and mean life

Unit 9 - Electronic Devices

Chapter 14 - Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

This chapter teaches students about the energy bands in conductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors – p & n type, p-n junction, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only).

Removed Topics:

Special purpose p-n junction diodes: LED, photodiode, solar cell
Zener diode and their characteristics
Zener diode as a voltage regulator

Begin Preparation for the CBSE 12 Physics Exam with these Tips:

The new academic term should be the time for students to start preparing for their board exams. It could help them advance their conceptual understanding. It is tough to get high scores since many students neglect their research in the beginning, which decreases their possibilities of building in-depth conceptions of the subjects. Futures of pupils are heavily impacted by the 12th board grade point average. Every student has to develop a daily schedule for carrying out practise and studying.

Start preparing for Numerical

For improved revision, students should jot down and learn all chapter-specific formulae. Students must grasp the fundamentals of each theory and how to apply it through derivation before glancing at the answer. Check the solved solutions once the students have understood the question completely.

More question-practice

Even though the order of the paper varies slightly each time, a sizable percentage (2 marks, 3 marks, and 5 marks) remains constant. As a result, it is advised to check sample papers and papers from prior years to ascertain the difficulty of the questions. Taking notes is not sufficient in and of itself to pass this test.

Look at how the unit marks are distributed, then start with the important chapters.

Electrostatics and Current Electricity is a common way of preparation, starting with the first unit. Although there are several subjects covered in this course, the grades aren't very good. Therefore, a preferable approach would be to focus on significant modules that have greater weight in order to complete the syllabus as quickly as feasible. This method lightens the load on pupils by finishing the most crucial chapters first.

CBSE Class 12 Physics Study Advice:

• Students should constantly be reminded that the NCERT texts should only be used as a preliminary step. NCERT books should be prioritised, followed by references to other reference works.

• Students should consult professionals and instructors for guidance if they are unsure.

• Numerous numerical drills can aid pupils in remembering and accurately using the formulae. Practice with numbers also helps with conceptual knowledge.

• Make a list of formulas organised by topic and review it daily.

• Students must start early and frequently practise problems since arithmetic is a crucial part of physics.

• To remember concepts and keep track of them, review them frequently.

• The best advice is to always note the measuring units wherever applicable, especially when working with numbers.

• Make it a routine to outline your responses in point-by-point fashion to address all major issues. Writing point-by-point replies is a good practise since it helps the examiner and helps students comprehend concepts more clearly.

• Study the exam papers thoroughly and prepare your answers in advance.

• Always remember to review previous material and learn new material.

• Students must keep in mind to practise the test questions from the previous year. For every exam, time management is crucial to getting the best grade possible.

• Focus more on questions that need lengthy responses since they are more important. Long explanations should be written using precise concepts.

 FAQs:

Q.1 How can I pass physics 12 after studying the necessary material?

Ans. Here are some tips to assist pupils ace the Physics board test for class 12:

• Look at the CBSE Physics course outline.

• The syllabus should be divided into relevant sections.

• Pick subjects that carry the most weight.

• According to the chapter's curriculum, highlight the important aspects.

• For on-the-go review, students should always have a notepad with them.

Q.2 How can I get ready for the Physics board examinations in class 12?

Ans. Observe these suggestions when you study for the 12th class Physics

• Recognize the significance of every Physics topical unit.

• List the details you wish to keep in mind for each chapter.

• Utilize a topic-by-topic approach.

• Make an organised study strategy.

• Practice diagrams and numerical problems.