CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) releases the official syllabus for Class 12 each academic year. For students appearing in the CBSE Board Exams 2027, the 2026-27 syllabus serves as the definitive guide for examination preparation. Understanding the syllabus in its entirety — including units, chapters, and weightage — is the first and most critical step toward scoring well in board examinations.
This page provides a comprehensive overview of the CBSE Class 12 syllabus across all major streams: Science, Commerce, and Humanities/Arts.
What Is the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27?
The CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2026-27 is the officially prescribed curriculum that defines:
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Topics and chapters to be studied in each subject
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Unit-wise marks distribution
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Practical/internal assessment components
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Prescribed NCERT textbooks and supplementary reading
CBSE follows the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) and aligns its syllabus with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 guidelines. The board consistently refines the syllabus to be contemporary, skill-based, and competency-driven.
CBSE Class 12 Subjects 2026-27
CBSE Class 12 offers subjects across three major streams. Students must select a minimum of five subjects, with at least one language.
Stream-Wise Subject Overview
|
Stream |
Core Subjects |
Optional/Elective |
|
Science (PCM) |
Physics, Chemistry, Maths, English |
Computer Science, Physical Education, Economics |
|
Science (PCB) |
Physics, Chemistry, Biology, English |
Biotechnology, Psychology, Fine Arts |
|
Commerce |
Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, English |
Maths, Informatics Practices, Entrepreneurship |
|
Humanities/Arts |
History, Political Science, Geography, English |
Sociology, Psychology, Fine Arts, Home Science |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27 — Subject-Wise Unit & Marks Distribution
Physics (Theory: 70 Marks | Practical: 30 Marks)
|
Unit No. |
Unit Name |
Marks |
|
I |
Electrostatics |
16 |
|
II |
Current Electricity |
— |
|
III |
Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism |
17 |
|
IV |
Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents |
— |
|
V |
Electromagnetic Waves |
18 |
|
VI |
Optics |
— |
|
VII |
Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter |
12 |
|
VIII |
Atoms and Nuclei |
— |
|
IX |
Electronic Devices |
7 |
|
Total |
70 |
Chemistry (Theory: 70 Marks | Practical: 30 Marks)
|
Unit No. |
Unit Name |
Marks |
|
I |
Solutions |
7 |
|
II |
Electrochemistry |
9 |
|
III |
Chemical Kinetics |
7 |
|
IV |
d- and f-Block Elements |
7 |
|
V |
Coordination Compounds |
7 |
|
VI |
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
6 |
|
VII |
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers |
6 |
|
VIII |
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids |
8 |
|
IX |
Amines |
6 |
|
X |
Biomolecules |
7 |
|
Total |
70 |
Mathematics (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)
|
Unit No. |
Unit Name |
Marks |
|
I |
Relations and Functions |
8 |
|
II |
Algebra |
10 |
|
III |
Calculus |
35 |
|
IV |
Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry |
14 |
|
V |
Linear Programming |
5 |
|
VI |
Probability |
8 |
|
Total |
80 |
Biology (Theory: 70 Marks | Practical: 30 Marks)
|
Unit No. |
Unit Name |
Marks |
|
VI |
Reproduction |
16 |
|
VII |
Genetics and Evolution |
18 |
|
VIII |
Biology and Human Welfare |
14 |
|
IX |
Biotechnology and Its Applications |
10 |
|
X |
Ecology and Environment |
12 |
|
Total |
70 |
Accountancy (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)
|
Part |
Unit |
Marks |
|
Part A |
Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies |
60 |
|
Part B |
Financial Statement Analysis |
20 |
|
OR Part B |
Computerised Accounting |
20 |
|
Total |
80 |
Economics (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)
|
Part |
Content |
Marks |
|
Part A |
Introductory Macroeconomics |
40 |
|
Part B |
Indian Economic Development |
40 |
|
Total |
80 |
English Core (Theory: 80 Marks | Internal Assessment: 20 Marks)
|
Section |
Content |
Marks |
|
A |
Reading Skills (Unseen Passages) |
22 |
|
B |
Creative Writing Skills |
18 |
|
C |
Literature |
40 |
|
Total |
80 |
CBSE Class 12 Books 2026-27
CBSE prescribes NCERT textbooks as the primary study material for all subjects. These books form the backbone of the entire curriculum and are the most important resource for board exam preparation.
|
Subject |
NCERT Textbook Title |
|
Physics |
Physics Part I & Part II (Class XII) |
|
Chemistry |
Chemistry Part I & Part II (Class XII) |
|
Mathematics |
Mathematics (Class XII) |
|
Biology |
Biology (Class XII) |
|
Accountancy |
Accountancy Part I & Part II (Class XII) |
|
Economics |
Introductory Macroeconomics + Indian Economic Development |
|
English |
Flamingo, Vistas, and Writing Skills |
|
History |
Themes in Indian History Part I, II & III |
|
Political Science |
Contemporary World Politics + Politics in India Since Independence |
|
Geography |
Fundamentals of Human Geography + India: People and Economy |
CBSE Class 12 Internal Assessment Structure 2026-27
Internal assessment (IA) forms a significant portion of the final score. Here is how it is typically structured:
|
Component |
Marks |
|
Periodic Tests (Best of 2 out of 3) |
10 |
|
Student Enrichment Activities / Practical |
5 |
|
Portfolio |
5 |
|
Total Internal Assessment |
20 |
For Science subjects with practicals, 30 marks are allocated to practical examinations conducted by the school.
Key Highlights of CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2026-27
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Competency-Based Questions (CBQs): CBSE has increased the proportion of application- and analysis-based questions. About 40–50% of paper consists of competency-based items.
-
Reduced Rote Learning: The syllabus emphasises understanding, application, and higher-order thinking.
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Integrated Skill Development: Subjects like Applied Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, and Entrepreneurship offer skill-centric learning.
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No Full Syllabus Reduction: Unlike the COVID years, the 2026-27 syllabus is the complete, full syllabus as prescribed by NCERT and CBSE.
Tips for Covering the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus Effectively
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Start with NCERT: Every chapter and line in NCERT textbooks is important. Read them thoroughly before moving to supplementary material.
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Make a Chapter-Wise Study Plan: Divide the syllabus based on unit weightage and available time.
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Prioritise High-Weightage Units: Focus more on units carrying 15–35 marks.
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Regular Revision: Revise each chapter at least twice before the board exams.
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Practice Questions: After completing each chapter, solve CBSE-pattern questions.
For students seeking structured, chapter-wise practice aligned with the latest CBSE syllabus, Oswaal Books offer well-organised study material that integrates NCERT content with CBSE-pattern questions — a useful companion once your NCERT reading is done.
Other Recommended Books | Study Materials (All Subjects)
|
CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 | For 2026 Board Exams |
|
|
CBSE Question Banks Class 12 | For 2027 Board Exams |
|
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CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 | For 2027 Board Exams |
|
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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 | For Latest Board Exams |
|
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CBSE One for All Class 12 | For 2027 Board Exams |
|
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CBSE Syllabus Class 12 | For 2027 Board Exams |
|
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CBSE Class 12 Notes | For 2027 Board Exams |
|
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NCERT Books Class 12 | For 2027 Board Exams |
|
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Free CBSE ICSE Specimen Sample Books for Teachers |
Practice Comprehensively with Oswaal360 CBSE Online Courses for Class 12 Board Exams 2027
Practice Now with Free Oswaal360 Online Mock Test for CBSE Class 12 Board Exams 2027
Are You a Teacher? Apply for FREE CBSE Class 12 Specimen Sample Books for Teachers from our end.
Frequently Asked Questions
No. CBSE has not announced any syllabus reduction for the 2026-27 academic year. Students must prepare the full NCERT syllabus.
NCERT books are the primary and most essential resource. For practice and exam-pattern questions, additional reference material may be used.
CBSE typically releases the curriculum document for the upcoming academic year on its official website — cbseacademic.nic.in — before or at the start of the academic session.
CBSE offers subjects in both English and Hindi medium. Some subjects are also available in Urdu medium.



